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Genes and DNA: a beginner's guide to genetics and its applications
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Language
English
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ISBN
9780231130127
9780231503570
9780231130134
9780231503570
9780231130134
UPC
Table of Contents
From the Book
Acknowledgments --
List of contributors --
Preface : Why is genetics important? --
ch. 1. What are genes? --
DNA --
DNA can be specifically stained and observed in cells --
DNA determines genetic properties in bacteria --
DNA is a double helix --
Transfer of genetic information to progeny --
DNA can be replicated in the test tube --
Summary --
Try this at home : extract DNA from vegetables in your kitchen --
Box 1.1 : PCR and identification --
ch. 2. Inheritance of single-gene traits --
Plants are good organisms for the study of inheritance --
Genes do not blend --
Rules of inheritance --
Behavior of chromosomes --
The Punnett square --
Incomplete dominance --
Sex is also determined by inheritance rules --
Summary --
ch. 3. Mendelian traits in humans --
Blood types --
Sex-linked traits : hemophilia --
Sex-linked traits : color blindness --
Prostate and breast cancer --
Genetic metabolic diseases --
Sickle-cell anemia --
Hemochromatosis --
Another sex-influenced trait : male pattern baldness --
Dominant genetic diseases --
Pedigree analysis --
Summary --
Try this at home : pedigree game --
Box 3.1 : Warning on diet products --
ch. 4. From genes to phenotype --
Transcription --
Translation --
Changes in DNA modify the amino acid sequences of proteins --
Gene regulation --
Summary --
Try this at home : DNA replication, transcription, and translation game --
Box 4.1 : Why people are saving their babies' cord blood --
ch. 5. Using bacteria as protein factories --
Tools for manufacturing proteins --
Using restriction enzymes and plasmids to clone a gene --
Producing human proteins in E. coli --
Medically important human proteins made in E. coli --
Summary --
ch. 6. Genetically modified plants --
What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs)? --
Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer --
Biolistics --
Genetic modifications --
Genetically modified nonfood plants --
Ecological issues --
Labeling issues and food safety --
Summary --
Box 6.1 : Detecting foreign genes in genetically modified plants --
ch. 7. When things go wrong --
Errors in chromosome number --
Multiple sets of chromosomes --
Looking at our chromosomes --
Changes in the DNA base sequence --
Triplet repeat errors --
Summary --
ch. 8. Mutagens, teratogens, and human reproduction --
Spontaneous mutations --
Mutagens --
How do we detect mutagens? --
Teratogens --
Human reproduction --
Summary --
Box 8.1 : Why there were few thalidomide-caused birth defects in the United States --
ch. 9. Linkage and mapping : gene discovery --
There are many genes on each chromosome --
Independent assortment of genes --
Linkage --
Recombination --
Linkage to a DNA marker --
The human genome project and others --
Discovering disease genes in humans --
Summary --
Try this at home : independent assortment of chromosomes and the making of a unique individual --
Try this at home : Explore genetics databases --
Box 9.1 : Identifying disease genes using restriction fragment length polymorphism --
Box 9.2 : Identifying a disease-resistance gene in barley through map-based cloning --
ch. 10. Genetics of populations and genetic testing --
Why don't we observe 3 to 1 rations of dominant versus recessive traits in populations? --
Predicting the genotype of the next generation using the Punnett square --
Conditions for observing constant gene and genotype frequencies --
Another application of the Hardy-Weinberg law --
Predicting gene frequency for a recessive trait --
Gene frequencies vary in different populations --
Newborn testing and conditional probability --
Predicting genotype frequency for sex-linked traits --
Summary --
ch. 11. Survival of the fittest? --
What is meant by fitness? --
Selection requires variation --
Selection can result in reduced genetic diversity --
Natural selection determined skin color in humans --
Fitness depends upon the environment --
Selection and antibiotic-resistant bacteria --
Heterozygous advantage --
Why do dominant genetic diseases exist? --
Small populations --
Summary --
Box 11.1 : DNA sequences provide clues to human evolution : the founder effect in prehistoric Africa --
Try this at home : Demonstrations of the effects of small population size --
ch. 12. Nature versus nurture --
Polygenic traits are addictive --
Polygenic traits exhibit continuous variation in phenotype --
Polygenic traits are influenced by the environment --
Measuring variance in traits and estimating heritability --
Twin studies are helpful in studying polygenic traits in humans --
Quantitative traits in medicine and agriculture --
Summary --
ch. 13. Genetically modified animals and the applications of gene technology for humans --
Cloing animals by the nuclear-transfer technique --
Genetically modifying animals using embryonic stem cells --
Uses of genetically modified animals --
Human gene therapy --
Human reproductive cloning --
Human therapeutic cloning --
Summary --
Appendix A : Internet resources --
Appendix B : Glossary of scientific names of organisms --
Appendix C : Glossary of human genetic diseases --
Appendix D : Glossary of terms --
Index.
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